Sialic acid is a family of nine-carbon sugars that play a crucial role in various biological processes. Commonly found on the surface of cells, it is involved in cell recognition, signaling, and interactions between cells. Sialic acid is present in numerous tissues and fluids, including saliva and breast milk, highlighting its importance in nutrition and development. It is often studied for its contributions to immune function and neural development. Due to its unique properties, sialic acid has gained attention in the fields of biochemistry and nutrition, making it a valuable component in various research and industrial applications.