A gallstone in an ox or cow is a small, hard mineral deposit that forms in the gallbladder, a vital organ responsible for storing bile produced by the liver, which aids in fat digestion and absorption of essential vitamins. Gallstones can be composed of various substances, including cholesterol, bilirubin, or calcium salts, and can range in size from tiny grains of sand to large, golf ball-sized masses. In cattle, gallstones often develop due to factors such as genetics, diet, age, and liver or gallbladder dysfunction, leading to symptoms like decreased appetite, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. If left untreated, gallstones can cause severe complications, including gallbladder rupture, peritonitis, or even life-threatening conditions like septicemia. Diagnosis typically involves physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies like ultrasound or radiography, while treatment options range from supportive care and dietary changes to surgical removal of the gallbladder or relief of bile duct obstruction. In severe cases, prompt veterinary intervention is crucial to prevent devastating consequences and ensure the animal's survival and continued productivity. Regular monitoring and maintenance of a healthy diet, stress management, and prompt medical attention can help prevent or mitigate the occurrence of gallstones in oxen and cows, supporting their overall well-being and the agricultural industry's economic viability.